一、概述

        自动装配是根据指定规则（属性名称或者属性类型），Spring自动将匹配的属性值进行注入。

二、分类

        xml自动装配分为按照属性名称自动装配（byName）和按照属性类型自动装配（byType）。

2.1、byName

@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class Department implements Serializable {/*** 部门名称*/private String name;}@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Employee implements Serializable {/*** 员工名称*/private String name;/*** 性别*/private String gender;/*** 部门*/private Department department;
}<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><bean id="employee" class="org.star.entity.Employee" autowire="byName"><property name="name" value="李白"></property><property name="gender" value="男"></property><property name="department" ref="department"></property></bean><bean id="department" class="org.star.entity.Department"><property name="name" value="研发部"></property></bean></beans>/*** IOC操作bean管理（xml自动装配-byName）*/
@Test
public void beanManagementTest12() {ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext12.xml");Employee employee = context.getBean("employee", Employee.class);System.out.println("byName employee = " + employee);
}
// 控制台打印结果
byName employee = Employee(name=李白, gender=男, department=Department(name=研发部))

2.2、byType

@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class Department implements Serializable {/*** 部门名称*/private String name;}@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Employee implements Serializable {/*** 员工名称*/private String name;/*** 性别*/private String gender;/*** 部门*/private Department department;
}<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><bean id="employee" class="org.star.entity.Employee" autowire="byType"><property name="name" value="李白"></property><property name="gender" value="男"></property><property name="department" ref="department"></property></bean><bean id="department" class="org.star.entity.Department"><property name="name" value="研发部"></property></bean></beans>/*** IOC操作bean管理（xml自动装配-byType）*/
@Test
public void beanManagementTest13() {ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext13.xml");Employee employee = context.getBean("employee", Employee.class);System.out.println("byType employee = " + employee);
}
// 控制台打印结果
byType employee = Employee(name=李白, gender=男, department=Department(name=研发部))