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一、前言：

今天我们来分享一下一个简单的图书管理系统
我们知道图书馆系统可以有两个系统，一个是管理员管理图书的系统，管理员可以（1）查找某一本图书情况、（2）增加新的图书、（3）删除旧的图书、（4）查看图书馆有哪些图书、（5）图书类别管理
（6）读者管理 （7）借阅管理
另一个就是作为学生的我们去借书的系统，我们去图书馆可以（1）查找某一本图书的情况、（2）借阅某一本书、（3）归还某一本书、（4）退出管理系统。

二、部分代码实现

1、代码的类、抽象类及接口

(1)book
这个包就是字面意识用来存放书的信息。

（2）operation
这个包存放的是一些操作的实现，如查找图书，退出系统等等（容我慢慢道来）。

（3）user
这个包是用于区分两种不同使用者，而去实现相应的操作。

（4）Main
将以上所说的东西结合起来，从而实现这个图书馆管理系统。

2、代码的具体实现
（1）book
Book类：用于设置一本书的书名、作者、价格、类型、是否被借出的情况

package book;public class Book {private String name;//书名private String author;//作者private int price;//价格private String type;//类型private boolean isBorrowed;//是否被借出// Book构造方法public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {this.name = name;this.author = author;this.price = price;this.type = type;}
//个个变量的get和set方法public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getAuthor() {return author;}public void setAuthor(String author) {this.author = author;}public int getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(int price) {this.price = price;}public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public boolean isBorrowed() {return isBorrowed;}public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {isBorrowed = borrowed;}//重写toString方法@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Book{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", author='" + author + '\'' +", price=" + price +", type='" + type + '\'' +((isBorrowed==true)? "已借出":"未借出")+ '}';}
}

BookList类：一个书架，初始存放三本书，可以添加，删除，查找。

package book;public class BookList {private Book[] books =new Book[10];//创建一个Book类的书组，用来放书private int usedSize;//记录book有多少本书//BookList的构造方法，存放所以书的内容public BookList(){books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",19,"小说");books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",29,"小说");books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",9,"小说");usedSize = 3;}/**** @param pos pos位置一定是合法的* @return 一本书*/public Book getBook(int pos) {return books[pos];}/**** @param pos pos位置一定是合法的* @param book 你要放的书*/public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {books[pos] = book;}/*** 实时获取当前的 书的个数* @return*/public int getUsedSize() {return usedSize;}/*** 实时的修改当前书架上的书的个数*/public void setUsedSize(int size) {usedSize = size;}}

（2）operation
IOperation接口：给operation通过work抽象方法

package operation;import book.BookList;//因为每个操作类都要实现work抽象方法，所以创建一个接口，提供work方法
public interface IOperation {void work(BookList bookList) ;
}
AddOperation类:进行添加操作 package operation;import book.BookList;
import book.Book;import java.util.Scanner;public class AddOperation implements IOperation{//重写work方法，添加书籍的信息@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("新增图书！");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入图书的名字：");String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入图书的作者:");String author = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入图书的类型:");String type = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入图书的价格:");int price = scanner.nextInt();//new一个Book的对象，保持新添加书籍的信息Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);//重新设置书架书的数量的值int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();bookList.setBooks(currentSize,book);bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);System.out.println("新增书籍成功！");}
}BorrowOperation类:进行借书操作package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{//重写work方法@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);//给借书的人查看所有图书的信息，方便借阅System.out.println("我们图书馆有：");for (int i=0;i< bookList.getUsedSize();i++){Book book=bookList.getBook(i);System.out.println(book);}System.out.println("请问你要借的图书是：");String name = sc.nextLine();//判断书籍是否可以借阅for (int i=0;i< bookList.getUsedSize();i++){Book book=bookList.getBook(i);if (book.getName().equals(name)){System.out.println("找到图书！");if(!book.isBorrowed()){System.out.println("该书未被借出，借书成功！");book.setBorrowed(true);System.out.println(book);break;}}if (i== bookList.getUsedSize()-1)System.out.println("该书已被借出，借书失败！");}}
}

DelOperation类：进行删除操作

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
//重写work方法@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("删除图书！");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入要删除图书的名字：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int j=0;for (int i=0;i< bookList.getUsedSize();i++){Book book=bookList.getBook(i);if (book.getName().equals(name)){j=i;break;}}//重新编排书籍的序号for (int i=j;i< bookList.getUsedSize()-1;i++){Book book=bookList.getBook(i+1);bookList.setBooks(i,book);}//更改书籍数量信息int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);System.out.println("删除成功！");}
}DisplayOperation类：进行展示操作 package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{//重写work方法@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("显示图书:");for (int i=0;i< bookList.getUsedSize();i++){Book book=bookList.getBook(i);System.out.println(book);}}
}ExitOperation类：进行退出操作package operation;import book.BookList;public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{//重写work方法public void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("退出系统！");//终止当前运行的Java虚拟机。 参数作为状态代码，为零则终止程序System.exit(0);}
}FindOperation类:进行查找操作package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class FindOperation implements IOperation{//重写work方法@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("查找图书！");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入图书的名字：");String name = scanner.nextLine();//查找图书for (int i=0;i< bookList.getUsedSize();i++){Book book=bookList.getBook(i);if (book.getName().equals(name)){System.out.println("找到图书！该图书"+((book.isBorrowed())? "已借出":"未借出"));System.out.println(book);break;}if (i== bookList.getUsedSize()-1){System.out.println("未找到该图书！");break;}}}
}

ReturnOperation:归还图书

package operation;import book.BookList;
import book.Book;
import java.util.Scanner;public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{//重写work类@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("归还图书！");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入归还图书的名字：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
//修改图书状态，是否被借出for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)) {book.setBorrowed(false);System.out.println("归还成功！");return;}}}
}

（3）user
AdminUsers类:用于实现组合管理员用户的功能

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;public class AdminUsers extends User {//AdminUsers构造方法public AdminUsers(String name) {super(name);this.operations =new IOperation[]{new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new AddOperation(),new DelOperation(),new DisplayOperation(),};}//设计管理员用户的菜单，实现他们的功能public int menu(){System.out.println("hello "+this.name+"欢迎来到图书馆！");System.out.println("1,查找图书！");System.out.println("2,新增图书！");System.out.println("3,删除图书！");System.out.println("4,显示图书！");System.out.println("0,提出系统！");Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);int choice=sc.nextInt();return choice;}
}

NormalUsers类：用于实现组合普通用户的功能

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;//继承User类，使得User类可以分别去满足两种不同用户的需求
public class NormalUsers extends User {//NormalUsers构造方法public NormalUsers(String name) {super(name);this.operations =new IOperation[]{new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new BorrowOperation(),new ReturnOperation()};}//设计管理员用户的菜单，实现他们的功能public int menu(){System.out.println("hello "+this.name+"欢迎来到图书馆！");System.out.println("1,查找图书！");System.out.println("2,借阅图书！");System.out.println("3,归还图书！");System.out.println("0,退出系统！");Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);int choice=sc.nextInt();return choice;}}

User类: 该类是user包中另两个类的父类，通过此类来判断用户类型，并加以实现

package user;import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;public abstract class User {//两个变量：保存您的姓名 并创建一个IOperation的数组，用于实现相应的操作protected String name;protected IOperation[] operations;public User(String name) {this.name = name;}//通过用户类型来打印相应的菜单public abstract int menu();//选择你想进行的操作public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {this.operations[choice].work(bookList);}
}

（4）Main函数

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUsers;
import user.NormalUsers;
import user.User;import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {//判断你的用户类型public static User login(){Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");String name =sc.nextLine();System.out.println("请确认你的身份：1-》管理员，0-》普通用户");int choice=sc.nextInt();if (choice==1)return new AdminUsers(name);elsereturn new NormalUsers(name);}public static void main(String[] args) {BookList bookList=new BookList();User user=login();//实现你想进行的操作while (true){int choice = user.menu();user.doOperation(choice,bookList);}}
}

3、效果展示